Specification points

Edexcel A-level Physical Education 9PE0

179 points in 7 topics, with Edexcel's codes and titles.

Codes and titles are read by a script from Edexcel's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: Edexcel’s specification.

1 Applied anatomy and physiology

1.1 Muscular skeletal system
1.1.1 Names of muscles, bones and movements produced
1.1.2 The stretch-shortening cycle, including the different types of contraction/muscular action
1.1.3 Muscle roles in movement
1.1.4 Lever systems
1.1.5 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion and how they apply to sporting contexts
1.1.6 Stability and centre of mass
1.1.7 The calculation of force and resultant force
1.1.8 Musculo-skeletal responses to warming up
1.2 Cardio-respiratory system and cardiovascular systems
1.2.1 Cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems
1.2.2 Structure and function of the respiratory system
1.2.3 Mechanics of ventilation
1.2.4 Respiratory values and capacities
1.2.5 Structure of the cardiovascular system
1.2.6 Physiology of the cardiovascular system
1.2.7 Bradycardia
1.2.8 Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise
1.2.9 Unhealthy lifestyles and the cardiorespiratory system
1.3 Neuro-muscular system
1.3.1 The neuro-muscular system in physical activity
1.3.2 The characteristics and anatomical make-up of the different fibre types
1.3.3 The different structure of each fibre type
1.3.4 Fibre recruitment and training
1.3.5 Anatomy of the neuro-muscular system
1.3.6 Physiology of muscular contraction
1.3.7 Neuro-muscular responses to warming up
1.3.8 Chronic adaptations to training
1.4 Energy systems
1.4.1 Concepts of energy in sport
1.4.2 Forms of energy and recovery
1.4.3 Forms of energy
1.4.4 The three energy pathways
1.4.5 Characteristics of the energy pathways
1.4.6 The principle of the energy continuum when based around athletic running events
1.4.7 The energy continuum
1.4.8 Positioning of athletic running events on the energy continuum
1.4.9 The concept of fatigue and factors that contribute to fatigue
1.4.10 Stages of recovery and their application to specific physical and sporting contexts
1.4.11 Fast component of recovery
1.4.12 Slow component of recovery
1.4.13 EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption), and the stages of recovery
1.4.14 Energy system responses to warming up

2 Exercise physiology and applied movement analysis

2.1 Diet and nutrition and their effect on physical activity and performance
2.1.1 Dietary manipulation for performance
2.1.2 Optimal weight for performance to include energy balance, energy intake and expenditure
2.1.3 Electrolytes and sports drinks
2.1.4 Supplementation
2.1.5 Contemporary supplements
2.1.6 Optimal fuel and fluid intake
2.2 Preparation and training methods
2.2.1 Training methods to maintain and improve performance
2.2.2 Fitness tests
2.2.3 Fitness test data
2.2.4 Determinants of running performance
2.2.5 Components of fitness
2.2.6 Principles of training
2.2.7 Different ways of measuring and calculating intensity
2.2.8 Target heart rate
2.2.9 Technology to monitor fitness
2.2.10 Periodisation
2.2.11 Methods of training and their appropriateness for different activities
2.2.12 Preparation for performance at altitude, in heat and in humidity
2.2.13 Knowledge and understanding of strategies for speeding up recovery following physical activity
2.3 Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury
2.3.1 Knowledge and understanding of the different classifications of common sporting injuries
2.3.2 Acute injuries
2.3.3 Overuse injuries
2.3.4 Prevention of injuries Conditioning, muscle balance, technique, protective equipment, managing risks
2.3.5 Rehabilitation from injuries
2.4 Linear motion
2.4.1 Linear motion definitions, equations and units in sport
2.4.2 Distance, speed, velocity and acceleration
2.4.3 Graphs of motion
2.5 Angular motion
2.5.1 Angular motion in sport
2.5.2 Factors affecting moment of inertia
2.5.3 Moment of inertia
2.5.4 Conservation of angular momentum
2.6 Projectile motion
2.6.1 Projectile motion in sport
2.6.2 Forces acting during flight that affect projectile motion
2.6.3 Factors that determine the horizontal displacement of a projectile
2.6.4 Technology for technique modification
2.7 Fluid mechanics
2.7.1 Knowledge, understanding and application of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics to appropriate sports contexts
2.7.2 Factors affecting fluid friction and air resistance
2.7.3 Interaction of lift forces with objects
2.7.4 Types of spin
2.7.5 Fluid mechanics in sport

3 Skill acquisition

3.1 Coach and performer
3.1.1 Coaching styles to improve the performance of learners
3.1.2 Tactics and strategies
3.1.3 Dissection of a skill in order to identify technical elements
3.2 The classification and transfer of skills
3.2.1 Knowledge and understanding of skill classifications
3.2.2 The uses of transfer of skills
3.3 Learning theories
3.3.1 The associative theories (classical and operant conditioning)
3.3.2 Thorndike's laws of learning
3.3.3 Fitts and Posner's stages of learning
3.4 Practices
3.4.1 Practice methods and structure
3.4.2 Practice methods as part, progressive part, whole, whole-part-whole
3.5 Guidance
3.5.1 The types, purpose and effectiveness of guidance methods
3.5.2 Technology in guidance
3.6 Feedback
3.6.1 Purposes of feedback
3.6.2 Types of feedback
3.6.3 Technology supporting feedback
3.6.4 Open and closed loop control
3.7 Memory models
3.7.1 Information processing
3.7.2 The three memory systems
3.7.3 STM and STSS
3.7.4 LTM
3.7.5 Links between memory systems
3.7.6 Measuring reaction and response times using appropriate technology
3.7.7 Schema theory

4 Sport psychology

4.1 Factors that can influence an individual in physical activities
4.1.1 Personality theories in sport
4.1.2 Wood’s Triadic Model
4.1.3 Arousal and its effect on performance
4.1.4 Anxiety and its effect on performance. The three dimensions of anxiety
4.1.5 Aggression and assertion
4.1.6 Motivation
4.1.7 Social facilitation and inhibition
4.2 Group and team dynamics
4.2.1 Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of a successful and cohesive group/team
4.3 Goal setting
4.3.1 SMART(ER) targets
4.4 Attribution theory
4.4.1 A knowledge and understanding of reasons for success and failure in sport
4.5 Confidence and self-efficacy
4.5.1 Knowledge and understanding of self-confidence
4.5.2 Self-efficacy Bandura Self-Efficacy
4.6 Leadership
4.6.1 Importance of effective leadership for performance

5 Sport and society

5.1 The factors leading to the emergence and development of modern day sport
5.1.1 Emergence of modern-day sport
5.1.2 Industrial Revolution and recreation
5.1.3 Rational recreation
5.1.4 Competing for corporations
5.1.5 Equality and diversity in sport
5.1.6 Migration of sporting labour
5.2 Globalisation of sport
5.2.1 Definition, features and impacts of globalisation
5.2.2 Colonial diffusion of sport
5.2.3 National and international governing bodies
5.2.4 Major international sporting events
5.3 Commercialisation of sport
5.3.1 Impact of commercialisation on society
5.3.2 Commercialisation, sponsorship and endorsement
5.3.3 The historical and social context of commercialisation
5.3.4 The 1968–1984 Olympics
5.3.5 Franchises and global sports stars
5.4 Ethics and deviance in sport
5.4.1 Pressures on performers and spectators to deviate
5.4.2 Sportsmanship and gamesmanship
5.4.3 Deviance in sport
5.4.4 Combating deviance in sport
5.4.5 The World Anti-Doping Agency
5.5 The relationship between sport and the media
5.5.1 Sport and the media
5.5.2 The impact of technology on the viewing experience
5.6 Development routes from talent identification through to elite performance
5.6.1 Knowledge and understanding of UK talent identification and development
5.7 Participation and health of the nation
5.7.1 Barriers to participation
5.7.2 Mass participation initiatives
5.7.3 Participation trends in the UK in the 21st century