Specification points
WJEC AS Chemistry 2410QS
133 points in 2 topics, with WJEC's codes and titles.
Codes and titles are read by a script from WJEC's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: WJEC’s specification.
1 AS Unit 1: Language of chemistry, structure of matter, simple reactions
- 1.1 Formulae and equations
- 1.1(a) Formulae of compounds and ions
- 1.1(b) Oxidation numbers of atoms in a compound or ion
- 1.1(c) Balanced chemical and ionic equations
- 1.2 Basic ideas about atoms
- 1.2(a) Radioactive decay
- 1.2(b) Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation
- 1.2(c) Half-life of radioactive decay
- 1.2(d) Effects and uses of radioisotopes
- 1.2(e) Ionisation energies
- 1.2(f) Link between successive ionisation energy values and electronic structure
- 1.2(g) Atomic orbitals and electron configuration
- 1.2(h) Emission and absorption spectra
- 1.2(i) Atomic emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom
- 1.2(j) Energy, frequency and wavelength
- 1.2(k) Order of increasing energy of infrared, visible and ultraviolet light
- 1.2(l) Lyman series convergence limit and ionisation energy
- 1.3 Chemical calculations
- 1.3(a) Relative mass terms (atomic, isotopic, formula, molecular)
- 1.3(b) The mass spectrometer
- 1.3(c) Simple mass spectra, for example, that of chlorine gas
- 1.3(d) Empirical and molecular formulae
- 1.3(e) Relationship between the Avogadro constant, the mole and molar mass
- 1.3(f) Relationship between grams and moles
- 1.3(g) Concentration and solubility
- 1.3(h) Molar volume of gases
- 1.3(i) Ideal gas equation (pV = nRT)
- 1.3(j) Stoichiometry and titrations
- 1.3(k) Concepts of atom economy and percentage yield
- 1.3(l) Percentage error and significant figures
- 1.4 Bonding
- 1.4(a) Ionic bonding
- 1.4(b) Covalent and coordinate bonding
- 1.4(c) Intermediate character of many bonds between purely ionic and purely covalent
- 1.4(d) Concepts of electronegativity and bond polarity
- 1.4(e) Forces between molecules being much weaker than covalent (and ionic) bonds
- 1.4(f) Permanent and temporary dipoles
- 1.4(g) Hydrogen bonding
- 1.4(h) VSEPR and shapes of molecules and ions
- 1.4(i) Bond angles in molecules and ions
- 1.5 Solid structures
- 1.5(a) Crystal structures of sodium chloride and caesium chloride
- 1.5(b) Structures of diamond and graphite
- 1.5(c) Structures of iodine and ice
- 1.5(d) ‘electron sea’ model for bonding in metals
- 1.5(e) Physical properties, structure and bonding
- 1.6 The Periodic Table
- 1.6(a) Elements being arranged according to atomic number in the Periodic Table
- 1.6(b) Electronic structure and the Periodic Table blocks
- 1.6(c) Oxidation and reduction as electron transfer
- 1.6(d) Trends in ionisation energy, melting temperature and electronegativity
- 1.6(e) Reactions of Group 2 elements with oxygen and water/steam
- 1.6(f) Reactions of Group 2 aqueous cations
- 1.6(g) Flame colours of s-block compounds
- 1.6(h) Trend in general reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 metals
- 1.6(i) Trend in thermal stability of the Group 2 carbonates and hydroxides
- 1.6(j) Trends in solubility of Group 2 hydroxides and sulfates
- 1.6(k) Basic character of Group 1 and 2 oxides and hydroxides
- 1.6(l) Trend in volatility of Group 7 elements (halogens)
- 1.6(m) Reactions of the halogens with metals
- 1.6(n) Trend in reactivity of the halogens in terms of relative oxidising power
- 1.6(o) Reaction between aqueous Ag⁺ and halide ions followed by dilute aqueous NH3
- 1.6(p) Displacement reactions of halogens in terms of redox
- 1.6(q) Chlorine and fluoride in water treatment
- 1.6(r) Salt formation, precipitation and gravimetric analysis
- 1.7 Simple equilibria and acid-base reactions
- 1.7(a) Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium
- 1.7(b) Le Chatelier's principle
- 1.7(c) Equilibrium constant Kc and calculations from equilibrium concentrations
- 1.7(d) Acids and bases as proton donors and acceptors
- 1.7(e) pH and hydrogen ion concentration
- 1.7(f) Acid-base titrations
- 1.7(g) Difference between strong acids and weak acids in terms of relative dissociation
2 AS Unit 2: Energy, Rate and Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
- 2.1 Thermochemistry
- 2.1(a) Enthalpy changes of reaction, combustion and formation
- 2.1(b) Hess’s law and energy cycles
- 2.1(c) Average bond enthalpies
- 2.1(d) Calculating enthalpy changes
- 2.1(e) Determining enthalpy changes experimentally
- 2.2 Rates of reaction
- 2.2(a) Collision theory in explaining the effects of changing conditions on reaction rate
- 2.2(b) Calculating rates and rate–concentration relationships
- 2.2(c) Concepts of energy profiles and activation energy
- 2.2(d) Temperature and the Boltzmann distribution
- 2.2(e) Characteristics of a catalyst
- 2.2(f) Catalysts and activation energy
- 2.2(g) Colorimetry in rate studies
- 2.2(h) Measuring reaction rates
- 2.3 The wider impact of chemistry
- 2.3(a) Impact of chemical synthesis and energy production
- 2.3(b) Role of green chemistry in improving sustainability in all aspects of developments
- 2.4 Organic compounds
- 2.4(a) Formulae of organic compounds
- 2.4(b) Nomenclature rules relating to alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols and carboxylic acids
- 2.4(c) Chain length, functional groups and physical properties
- 2.4(d) Concept of structural isomerism
- 2.4(e) Electrophiles, nucleophiles, radicals and bond fission
- 2.5 Hydrocarbons
- 2.5(a) Combustion of alkanes and fossil fuels
- 2.5(b) C—C and C—H bonds in alkanes as σ-bonds
- 2.5(c) Mechanism of radical substitution, such as the photochlorination of alkanes
- 2.5(d) Reactivity of alkanes and alkenes
- 2.5(e) C=C bond in ethene and other alkenes as comprising π-bond and σ-bond
- 2.5(f) E–Z isomerism in terms of restricted rotation about a carbon-carbon double bond
- 2.5(g) Electrophilic addition to alkenes
- 2.5(h) Bromine/bromine water and potassium manganate(VII) tests for alkenes
- 2.5(i) Addition of HBr to propene and carbocation stability
- 2.5(j) Catalytic hydrogenation of ethene
- 2.5(k) Addition polymerisation
- 2.6 Halogenoalkanes
- 2.6(a) Elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes
- 2.6(b) Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes
- 2.6(c) Bond polarity, bond enthalpy and substitution
- 2.6(d) Hydrolysis/Ag⁺(aq) test for halogenoalkanes
- 2.6(e) Uses and regulation of halogenoalkanes
- 2.6(f) Environmental effects of CFCs
- 2.6(g) Heating under reflux
- 2.7 Alcohols and carboxylic acids
- 2.7(a) Industrial preparation of ethanol from ethene
- 2.7(b) Preparing alcohols by fermentation; biofuels
- 2.7(c) Dehydration reactions of alcohols
- 2.7(d) Classification of alcohols as primary, secondary and tertiary
- 2.7(e) Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes/carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols to ketones
- 2.7(f) Dichromate(VI) test for primary/secondary alcohols and sodium hydrogencarbonate test for carboxylic acids
- 2.7(g) Reactions of carboxylic acids with bases, carbonates and hydrogencarbonates forming salts
- 2.7(h) Esterification
- 2.7(i) Separation by distillation
- 2.8 Instrumental analysis
- 2.8(a) Mass spectra and chemical structure
- 2.8(b) Infrared spectra and chemical structure
- 2.8(c) NMR spectra and chemical structure