Specification points
WJEC AS Biology 2400QS
112 points in 2 topics, with WJEC's codes and titles.
Codes and titles are read by a script from WJEC's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: WJEC’s specification.
1 AS Unit 1: Basic Biochemistry and Cell Organisation
- 1.1 Chemical elements are joined together to form biological compounds
- 1.1(a) Inorganic ions in living organisms
- 1.1(b) Properties and importance of water
- 1.1(c) Carbohydrates: structure, properties and functions
- 1.1(d) Isomerism in glucose and polysaccharide formation
- 1.1(e) Storage and structural polysaccharides
- 1.1(f) Lipids: triglycerides and phospholipids
- 1.1(g) The implications of saturated and unsaturated fat on human health
- 1.1(h) The structure and role of amino acids and proteins
- 1.1(i) The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins
- 1.1(j) Protein structure and function
- 1.2 Cell structure and organisation
- 1.2(a) Structure and function of cell organelles
- 1.2(b) The structure of prokaryotic cells and viruses
- 1.2(c) Cell theory: eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses
- 1.2(d) Levels of organisation: cells, tissues, organs and systems
- 1.3 Cell membranes and transport
- 1.3(a) Plasma membrane components and the fluid-mosaic model
- 1.3(b) The factors affecting permeability of the plasma membrane
- 1.3(c) Transport mechanisms across membranes
- 1.4 Biological reactions are regulated by enzymes
- 1.4(a) Metabolism as a series of enzyme controlled reactions
- 1.4(b) The protein nature of enzymes
- 1.4(c) Enzymes acting intracellularly or extracellularly
- 1.4(d) Active sites, interpreted in terms of three dimensional structure
- 1.4(e) The theory of induced fit as illustrated by lysozyme
- 1.4(f) Catalysis and activation energy
- 1.4(g) Factors affecting enzyme activity
- 1.4(h) The principles of competitive and non-competitive inhibition
- 1.4(i) Immobilised enzymes
- 1.5 Nucleic acids and their functions
- 1.5(a) The structure of nucleotides (pentose sugar, phosphate, organic base)
- 1.5(b) The importance of chemical energy in biological processes
- 1.5(c) ATP as an energy carrier
- 1.5(d) The structure of ATP
- 1.5(e) Structure of nucleic acids
- 1.5(f) The similarities and differences in the structure of RNA and DNA
- 1.5(g) Functions of DNA: replication and protein synthesis
- 1.5(h) Semi-conservative replication of DNA
- 1.5(i) The term genetic code
- 1.5(j) The triplet code for amino acids
- 1.5(k) Exons and introns
- 1.5(l) The transcription of DNA to produce messenger RNA
- 1.5(m) Translation and transfer RNA
- 1.5(n) The 'one gene-one polypeptide' hypothesis
- 1.5(o) The further modification and combination of some polypeptides
- 1.6 Genetic information is copied and passed on to daughter cells
- 1.6(a) Interphase and the main stages of mitosis
- 1.6(b) Significance of mitosis and cytokinesis
- 1.6(c) Mitosis in damage, repair and cancer
- 1.6(d) Stages of meiosis
- 1.6(e) Differences between mitosis and meiosis
2 AS Unit 2: Biodiversity and Physiology of Body Systems
- 2.1 All organisms are related through their evolutionary history
- 2.1(a) Classification by evolutionary relationships
- 2.1(b) The need for classification and its tentative nature
- 2.1(c) Three-domain and five-kingdom classification
- 2.1(d) The characteristic features of Kingdoms: Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
- 2.1(e) Assessing relatedness of organisms
- 2.1(f) The concept of species
- 2.1(g) The use of the binomial system in naming organisms
- 2.1(h) Biodiversity
- 2.1(i) Biodiversity varying spatially and over time and affected by many factors
- 2.1(j) Assessing biodiversity in a habitat
- 2.1(k) Genetic biodiversity within a species
- 2.1(l) Assessing biodiversity at a molecular level
- 2.1(m) Biodiversity and natural selection
- 2.1(n) Adaptations of organisms to their environment
- 2.2 Adaptations for gas exchange
- 2.2(a) Gas exchange adaptations and body size
- 2.2(b) Gas exchange in small animals across their general body surface
- 2.2(c) The comparison of gas exchange mechanisms in Amoeba, flatworm and earthworm
- 2.2(d) Specialised respiratory surfaces
- 2.2(e) Ventilation mechanisms in active animals
- 2.2(f) Ventilation in bony fish; counter-current flow
- 2.2(g) Human breathing system
- 2.2(h) Ventilation and gas exchange in humans
- 2.2(i) Insect tracheal system
- 2.2(j) The structure of the angiosperm leaf
- 2.2(k) Leaf structure and photosynthesis
- 2.2(l) The leaf as a gas exchange organ; stomata
- 2.3 Adaptations for transport
- 2.3(a) The similarities and differences in the vascular systems of animal groups
- 2.3(b) Mammalian circulatory system
- 2.3(c) The cardiac cycle
- 2.3(d) Blood and haemoglobin dissociation curves
- 2.3(e) Dissociation curves of low-oxygen animals
- 2.3(f) The Bohr effect and chloride shift
- 2.3(g) The transport of nutrients, hormones, excretory products and heat in the blood
- 2.3(h) Tissue fluid
- 2.3(i) Structure of the dicotyledon root
- 2.3(j) The absorption of water by the root
- 2.3(k) The movement of water through the root: apoplast, symplast and vacuolar pathways
- 2.3(l) Structure and role of the endodermis
- 2.3(m) Structure of xylem
- 2.3(n) Water movement and transpiration
- 2.3(o) The effect of environmental factors affecting transpiration
- 2.3(p) Adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes
- 2.3(q) Structure of phloem
- 2.3(r) Translocation in phloem
- 2.4 Adaptations for nutrition
- 2.4(a) Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition
- 2.4(b) The terms saprotrophic/saprobiotic, holozoic, parasitic in relation to heterotrophic organisms
- 2.4(c) Saprotrophic nutrition
- 2.4(d) Holozoic nutrition, the internal digestion of food substances
- 2.4(e) Nutrition in unicellular organisms
- 2.4(f) Adaptations of multicellular organisms for nutrition
- 2.4(g) The human gut
- 2.4(h) Digestion of different food substances
- 2.4(i) Herbivore and carnivore guts and dentition
- 2.4(j) Parasitic nutrition