Specification points

Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Chemistry (Modular) 4XCH1

218 points in 8 topics, with Edexcel's codes and titles.

Codes and titles are read by a script from Edexcel's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: Edexcel’s specification.

1 Principles of chemistry: Part 1

1a States of matter
1.1 The three states of matter
1.2 Changes of state
1.3 Diffusion and dilution experiments
1.4 Solvent, solute, solution and saturated solution
1.5C Solubility in g per 100 g of solvent
1.6C Solubility curves
1.7C Practical: solubility of a solid in water
1b Elements, compounds and mixtures
1.8 Classifying substances as elements, compounds or mixtures
1.9 Melting and boiling points of pure substances and mixtures
1.10 Techniques for separating mixtures
1.11 Chromatograms and the composition of mixtures
1.12 Rf values
1.13 Practical: paper chromatography
1c Atomic structure
1.14 Atoms and molecules
1.15 Structure of the atom
1.16 Atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass
1.17 Calculating relative atomic mass from isotopic abundances
1d The Periodic Table
1.18 Arrangement of the Periodic Table
1.19 Electronic configurations of the first 20 elements
1.20 Classifying elements as metals or non-metals
1.21 Metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table
1.22 Electronic configuration and position in the Periodic Table
1.23 Similar chemical properties within a group
1.24 Unreactivity of the noble gases
1e Chemical formulae, equations and calculations
1.25 Word and balanced chemical equations
1.26 Relative formula mass
1.27 The mole
1.28 Calculations with amount of substance
1.29 Reacting masses
1.30 Percentage yield
1.31 Finding formulae experimentally
1.32 Empirical and molecular formulae
1.33 Calculating empirical and molecular formulae
1.34C Concentration calculations in mol/dm³
1.35C Gas volumes and molar volume
1.36 Practical: formula of a metal oxide

2 Inorganic chemistry: Part 1

2a Reactivity series
2.1 Reactivity series: water and dilute acids
2.2 Reactivity series: displacement reactions
2.3 Order of reactivity of metals
2.4 Conditions for rusting
2.5 Preventing rusting
2.6 Oxidation, reduction and redox
2.7 Practical: metals with dilute acids
2b Extraction and uses of metals
2.8C Metal ores and native metals
2.9C Extraction method and the reactivity series
2.10C Evaluating metal extraction processes
2.11C Uses of aluminium, copper, iron and steel
2.12C Alloys
2.13C Why alloys are harder than pure metals
2c Acids, alkalis and titrations
2.14 Indicators for acids and alkalis
2.15 The pH scale
2.16 Universal indicator
2.17 Hydrogen and hydroxide ions in acids and alkalis
2.18 Neutralisation
2.19C Acid-alkali titration
2d Acids, bases and salt preparations
2.20 Solubility rules for ionic compounds
2.21 Acids and bases as proton transfer
2.22 Proton donors and acceptors
2.23 Reactions of acids forming salts
2.24 Bases and alkalis
2.25 Preparing a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant
2.26C Preparing a soluble salt from an acid and alkali
2.27C Preparing an insoluble salt by precipitation
2.28 Practical: preparing copper(II) sulfate crystals
2.29C Practical: preparing lead(II) sulfate

3 Physical chemistry: Part 1

3a Energetics
3.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions
3.2 Simple calorimetry experiments
3.3 Heat energy change: Q = mcΔT
3.4 Molar enthalpy change
3.5C Energy level diagrams
3.6C Bond breaking and bond making
3.7C Enthalpy change from bond energies
3.8 Practical: temperature changes in reactions

4 Organic chemistry: Part 1

4a Introduction
4.1 Hydrocarbons
4.2 Representing organic molecules
4.3 Homologous series, functional groups and isomerism
4.4 Naming organic compounds with IUPAC rules
4.5 Structural and displayed formulae from molecular formulae
4.6 Substitution, addition and combustion reactions
4b Crude oil
4.7 Crude oil as a mixture of hydrocarbons
4.8 Fractional distillation of crude oil
4.9 Fractions of crude oil and their uses
4.10 Trends in properties of crude oil fractions
4.11 Fuels
4.12 Complete and incomplete combustion
4.13 Carbon monoxide poisoning
4.14 Oxides of nitrogen from car engines
4.15 Sulfur dioxide from fuel impurities
4.16 Acid rain
4.17 Catalytic cracking
4.18 Why cracking is necessary
4c Alkanes
4.19 General formula of alkanes
4.20 Alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons
4.21 Formulae and names of alkanes
4.22 Reactions of alkanes with halogens
4d Alkenes
4.23 The alkene functional group
4.24 General formula of alkenes
4.25 Alkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons
4.26 Formulae and names of alkenes
4.27 Reactions of alkenes with bromine
4.28 Bromine water test for alkenes

5 Principles of chemistry: Part 2

5f Ionic bonding
5.1 Formation of ions
5.2 Charges of common ions
5.3 Formulae of ionic compounds
5.4 Dot-and-cross diagrams for ionic compounds
5.5 Ionic bonding as electrostatic attraction
5.6 Melting and boiling points of giant ionic lattices
5.7 Electrical conductivity of ionic compounds
5g Covalent bonding
5.8 Covalent bonds
5.9 Covalent bonding and electrostatic attraction
5.10 Dot-and-cross diagrams for covalent molecules
5.11 Properties of simple molecular substances
5.12 Relative molecular mass and boiling points
5.13 Properties of giant covalent structures
5.14 Structures and properties of diamond, graphite and C60
5.15 Electrical conductivity of covalent compounds
5h Metallic bonding
5.16C Diagrams of metallic lattices
5.17C Metallic bonding as electrostatic attraction
5.18C Physical properties of metals
5i Electrolysis
5.19C Why covalent compounds do not conduct
5.20C When ionic compounds conduct electricity
5.21C Anions and cations
5.22C Electrolysis experiments with inert electrodes
5.23C Half-equations at the electrodes
5.24C Practical: electrolysis of aqueous solutions

6 Inorganic chemistry: Part 2

6e Group 1 (alkali metals) – lithium, sodium and potassium
6.1 Group 1 metals as a family
6.2 Trend in reactivity in Group 1
6.3 Predicting properties of alkali metals
6.4C Group 1 reactivity and electronic configuration
6f Group 7 (halogens) – chlorine, bromine and iodine
6.5 Properties of the halogens
6.6 Predicting properties of halogens
6.7 Halogen displacement reactions
6.8C Group 7 reactivity and electronic configuration
6g Gases in the atmosphere
6.9 Composition of dry air
6.10 Percentage of oxygen in air
6.11 Combustion of elements in oxygen
6.12 Thermal decomposition of metal carbonates
6.13 Carbon dioxide and climate change
6.14 Practical: percentage of oxygen in air
6h Chemical tests
6.15 Tests for gases
6.16 Flame tests
6.17 Flame test colours
6.18 Tests for cations
6.19 Tests for anions
6.20 Test for water
6.21 Testing the purity of water

7 Physical chemistry: Part 2

7b Rates of reaction
7.1 Experiments on rates of reaction
7.2 Factors affecting the rate of reaction
7.3 Collision theory and rate of reaction
7.4 Catalysts
7.5 How catalysts work
7.6C Reaction profile diagrams
7.7 Practical: marble chips and hydrochloric acid
7.8 Practical: catalysts for decomposing hydrogen peroxide
7c Reversible reactions and equilibria
7.9 Reversible reactions
7.10 Examples of reversible reactions
7.11C Dynamic equilibrium
7.12C Characteristics of dynamic equilibrium
7.13C Catalysts and the position of equilibrium
7.14C Temperature, pressure and the position of equilibrium