Specification points

Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Pakistan Studies 4PA1

154 points in 2 topics, with Edexcel's codes and titles.

Codes and titles are read by a script from Edexcel's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: Edexcel’s specification.

P1 History and culture of Pakistan

1 The emergence of Pakistan (1927–1971)
1.1 The Pakistan Movement: Limited progress (1924–1939)
1.1.a The Simon Commission and responses to it
1.1.b Round Table Conferences and the 1935 Act
1.1.c Congress rule, 1937–39
1.2 The Pakistan Movement: from stalemate to success (1935–47)
1.2.a The continued search for a solution
1.2.b Failure to reach agreement, 1944–46
1.2.c Partition achieved, 1946–47
1.3 The new country established, Pakistan (1947–51)
1.3.a The Quaid-e-Azam and creating a new country
1.3.b The Quaid-e-Azam and establishing stability and growth
1.3.c Khawaja Nazimuddin and Liaquat Ali Khan
1.4 Pakistan: reform, consolidation and martial law (1951–71)
1.4.a Constitutional matters, 1951–58
1.4.b The contribution of Ayub Khan
1.4.c The contribution of Yahya Khan, 1969–71
2 The pre-Mughal and Mughal period (c700–1784)
2.1 The spread of Islam to the sub-continent (c700–1600)
2.1.a Sufism
2.1.b Muhammad bin Qasim and Mahmud of Ghazni
2.1.c Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
2.2 The early Mughal emperors (c1526–1658)
2.2.a Babur and the Mughal Empire
2.2.b Reforms of the early Mughal emperors
2.2.c Developments in art, architecture, literature, music, the economy, trade and commerce
2.3 The Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb and his successors (c1658–1761)
2.3.a Weaknesses of the Mughal Empire
2.3.b Impact of Aurangzeb's policies
2.3.c Aurangzeb's warfare and later external intervention
2.4 The end of the Mughals and the arrival of the British (c1608–1784)
2.4.a British interest and the East India Company to 1756
2.4.b The British victories at Plassey and Buxar and their impact on Bengal
2.4.c British government intervention and the 1784 India Act
3 British expansion and rule (c1783–1898)
3.1 The spread of Islam (up to 1840)
3.1.a Shah Wali Ullah and the beginnings of the revival of Islam
3.1.b Syed Ahmad Barelvi and the Jihad Movement
3.1.c Haji Shariat Ullah and the Faraizi Movement
3.2 British conquests and rule (c1784–1885)
3.2.a Further British expansion
3.2.b Reasons for the British conquest of India
3.2.c British rule and reform
3.3 The War of Independence (1857)
3.3.a Causes of the 1857 war
3.3.b Events of the war and reasons for failure
3.3.c Consequences of the war
3.4 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898)
3.4.a Education, language and the Aligarh movement
3.4.b Improving relations with the British
3.4.c Raising political awareness and the two-nation theory
4 The growth of political awareness and British reform (1883–c1927)
4.1 The growth of political awareness (1883–1911)
4.1.a The Indian National Congress and radical nationalism
4.1.b Formation of the Muslim League, 1906
4.1.c Partition of Bengal
4.2 First attempts at reform (1909–16)
4.2.a The Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909
4.2.b Hindu, Muslim and British relations after reversal and war
4.2.c The Lucknow Pact
4.3 Reform, reaction and repression (1919–27)
4.3.a The Rowlatt Act and Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
4.3.b The Amritsar Massacre
4.3.c Non-cooperation and communalism, 1920–27
4.4 The Khilafat movement (1919–1924)
4.4.a Reasons for the Khilafat Movement
4.4.b Khilafat Movement events, 1919–22
4.4.c Reasons for the Khilafat Movement's failure
5 Consolidating the new nation (1971–2013)
5.1 The civil war (1971)
5.1.a Tensions between East and West Pakistan
5.1.b Reasons for the civil war
5.1.c Consequences of the civil war
5.2 Economic and social developments (1971–1999)
5.2.a The contribution of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
5.2.b The contribution of General Zia ul-Haq
5.2.c Pakistan in the 1990s
5.3 The promotion of Urdu and national languages
5.3.a The linguistic and literary background of Muslims
5.3.b Urdu as the national language
5.3.c Promotion of regional languages since 1947
5.4 Pakistan in the 21st century
5.4.a The contribution of Pervez Musharraf
5.4.b The contribution of Asif Ali Zardari
5.4.c Pakistan and the wider world, 1999–2013
6 Pakistan’s role in world affairs (1947–1999)
6.1 Pakistan’s relationship with India
6.1.a Disputes with India in 1947 and the drift to war
6.1.b Relations with India, 1971–99
6.1.c Impact of nuclear weapons on relations with India
6.2 East or West: Pakistan’s relations with the USA
6.2.a Pakistan, the USA and the Cold War
6.2.b Relations with the USA, 1950–79
6.2.c The Afghan Miracle and relations with the USA
6.3 Pakistan’s relations with the rest of the world
6.3.a Relations with the Soviet Union
6.3.b Britain and the Commonwealth
6.3.c China and Afghanistan
6.4 Pakistan’s membership of world organisations
6.4.a Pakistan and the United Nations
6.4.b Pakistan's membership of international organisations

P2 The landscape, people and economy of Pakistan

P2-1 The Physical Environment
P2-1.1 Location, climate and biomes
P2-1.1.a Position and climatic zones of Pakistan
P2-1.1.b Seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature
P2-1.1.c Large-scale ecosystems (biomes)
P2-1.2 Tectonic and glacial processes and landforms, and geophysical hazards
P2-1.2.a Tectonic processes and the Himalayan landscape
P2-1.2.b Glacial processes in the Himalayas
P2-1.2.c Impacts of and responses to earthquakes
P2-1.3 Relief, drainage and hydro-meteorological hazards
P2-1.3.a Relief regions and drainage network of Pakistan
P2-1.3.b Tropical cyclones, storm surges and flooding
P2-1.3.c Responses to flooding and tropical cyclones
P2-1.4 Natural resources and their exploitation
P2-1.4.a Distribution and exploitation of two natural resources
P2-1.4.b Renewable and non-renewable energy resources
P2-1.4.c Environmental impacts of resource exploitation
P2-2 The Human Environment
P2-2.1 Pakistan’s economy: the primary sector and the need for food security
P2-2.1.a Factors influencing agricultural production
P2-2.1.b Strategies to increase agricultural output
P2-2.1.c Approaches to managing food security in Pakistan
P2-2.2 Pakistan economy secondary, tertiary/quaternary sectors and transport systems
P2-2.2.a Type and location of manufacturing
P2-2.2.b Type and location of service industries
P2-2.2.c Transport challenges and economic development
P2-2.3 Globalisation, TNCs and economic change in Pakistan
P2-2.3.a Case study of a TNC in Pakistan
P2-2.3.b Benefits and challenges of TNCs
P2-2.3.c Impact of globalisation on Pakistan
P2-2.4 The challenges of economic development for Pakistan
P2-2.4.a Trade balance and remittances
P2-2.4.b Challenges to economic development
P2-2.4.c Environmental impact of primary and secondary sectors
P2-3 Challenges for Pakistan
P2-3.1 Indicators of development, population patterns and trends
P2-3.1.a Measures of a country's level of development
P2-3.1.b Factors influencing population distribution, density and structure
P2-3.1.c Trends in fertility, mortality and life expectancy
P2-3.2 Quality of life in rural Pakistan: challenges of life in rural communities
P2-3.2.a HDI factors and quality of life
P2-3.2.b Challenges facing the rural population
P2-3.2.c Incentives and strategies to support rural communities
P2-3.3 Quality of life in urban Pakistan: challenges of life in urban communities
P2-3.3.a Opportunities and challenges of rapid urban growth
P2-3.3.b Case study of a megacity
P2-3.3.c Top-down and bottom-up urban strategies
P2-3.4 Climate change impacts and mitigation in Pakistan
P2-3.4.a Causes of climate change and recent global warming (last century)
P2-3.4.b Impacts of climate change on Pakistan
P2-3.4.c Local and government responses to climate change