Specification points
College Board AP Human Geography human-geography
145 points in 7 topics, with College Board's codes and titles.
Codes and titles are read by a script from College Board's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: College Board’s specification.
1 Thinking Geographically
- 1.1 Introduction to Maps
- IMP-1.A Types of maps and the patterns they show
- 1.2 Geographic Data
- IMP-1.B Methods of geographic data collection
- 1.3 The Power of Geographic Data
- IMP-1.C Effects of decisions using geographic information
- 1.4 Spatial Concepts
- PSO-1.A Major geographic concepts
- 1.5 Human–Environmental Interaction
- PSO-1.B How geographic concepts show spatial relationships
- 1.6 Scales of Analysis
- PSO-1.C Scales of analysis
- PSO-1.D What scales of analysis reveal
- 1.7 Regional Analysis
- SPS-1.A Ways of defining regions
2 Population and Migration Patterns and Processes
- 2.1 Population Distribution
- PSO-2.A Factors in population distribution
- PSO-2.B Measuring population density
- PSO-2.C Comparing population density methods
- 2.2 Consequences of Population Distribution
- PSO-2.D Effects of population distribution and density
- 2.3 Population Composition
- PSO-2.E Elements of population composition
- PSO-2.F Depicting and analysing population composition
- 2.4 Population Dynamics
- IMP-2.A Trends in population growth and decline
- 2.5 The Demographic Transition Model
- IMP-2.B Theories of population growth and decline
- 2.6 Malthusian Theory
- 2.7 Population Policies
- SPS-2.A Population and immigration policies
- 2.8 Women and Demographic Change
- SPS-2.B Changing roles of women and demographic change
- 2.9 Aging Populations
- SPS-2.C Ageing populations
- 2.10 Causes of Migration
- IMP-2.C Causes of migration
- 2.11 Forced and Voluntary Migration
- IMP-2.D Forced and voluntary migration
- 2.12 Effects of Migration
- IMP-2.E Geographic effects of migration
3 Cultural Patterns and Processes
- 3.1 Introduction to Culture
- PSO-3.A Studying culture
- 3.2 Cultural Landscapes
- PSO-3.B Cultural landscapes
- PSO-3.C Landscapes reflecting cultural beliefs and identities
- 3.3 Cultural Patterns
- PSO-3.D Patterns of language, religion, ethnicity and gender
- 3.4 Types of Diffusion
- IMP-3.A Types of diffusion
- 3.5 Historical Causes of Diffusion
- SPS-3.A Historical processes and cultural patterns
- 3.6 Contemporary Causes of Diffusion
- 3.7 Diffusion of Religion and Language
- IMP-3.B Diffusion of universalising and ethnic religions
- 3.8 Effects of Diffusion
- SPS-3.B Diffusion and changing cultural landscapes
4 Political Patterns and Processes
- 4.1 Introduction to Political Geography
- PSO-4.A Types of political entities
- 4.2 Political Processes
- PSO-4.B Processes shaping political geography
- 4.3 Political Power and Territoriality
- PSO-4.C Political power and territoriality
- 4.4 Defining Political Boundaries
- IMP-4.A Types of political boundaries
- 4.5 The Function of Political Boundaries
- IMP-4.B International and internal boundaries
- 4.6 Internal Boundaries
- 4.7 Forms of Governance
- IMP-4.C Federal and unitary states
- IMP-4.D Federal and unitary states and spatial organisation
- 4.8 Defining Devolutionary Factors
- SPS-4.A Devolution of states
- 4.9 Challenges to Sovereignty
- SPS-4.B Challenges to state sovereignty
- 4.10 Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces
- SPS-4.C Centrifugal and centripetal forces
5 Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes
- 5.1 Introduction to Agriculture
- PSO-5.A Physical geography and agriculture
- 5.2 Settlement Patterns and Survey Methods
- PSO-5.B Rural settlement patterns and survey methods
- 5.3 Agricultural Origins and Diffusions
- SPS-5.A Centres of domestication
- SPS-5.B Global diffusion of plants and animals
- 5.4 The Second Agricultural Revolution
- SPS-5.C The second agricultural revolution
- 5.5 The Green Revolution
- SPS-5.D The Green Revolution
- 5.6 Agricultural Production Regions
- PSO-5.C Economic forces in agriculture
- 5.7 Spatial Organization of Agriculture
- 5.8 Von Thünen Model
- PSO-5.D The von Thünen model
- 5.9 The Global System of Agriculture
- PSO-5.E Interdependence of agricultural regions
- 5.10 Consequences of Agricultural Practices
- IMP-5.A Consequences of agricultural practices
- 5.11 Challenges of Contemporary Agriculture
- IMP-5.B Debates in contemporary agriculture
- 5.12 Women in Agriculture
- IMP-5.C Women’s roles in food production and consumption
6 Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes
- 6.1 The Origin and Influences of Urbanization
- PSO-6.A Urbanisation and suburbanisation
- 6.2 Cities Across the World
- 6.3 Cities and Globalization
- PSO-6.B Cities and globalisation
- 6.4 The Size and Distribution of Cities
- PSO-6.C Urban hierarchy, size and spacing
- 6.5 The Internal Structure of Cities
- PSO-6.D Models of internal city structure
- 6.6 Density and Land Use
- IMP-6.A Housing density and residential land use
- 6.7 Infrastructure
- IMP-6.B Urban infrastructure, politics, society and environment
- 6.8 Urban Sustainability
- IMP-6.C Urban design initiatives
- IMP-6.D Effects of urban design initiatives
- 6.9 Urban Data
- IMP-6.E Data on urban change
- 6.10 Challenges of Urban Changes
- SPS-6.A Causes and effects of urban change
- 6.11 Challenges of Urban Sustainability
- SPS-6.B Addressing urban sustainability
7 Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes
- 7.1 The Industrial Revolution
- SPS-7.A The Industrial Revolution and industrialisation
- 7.2 Economic Sectors and Patterns
- SPS-7.B Patterns of industrial production and development
- 7.3 Measures of Development
- SPS-7.C Measures of development
- 7.4 Women and Economic Development
- SPS-7.D Development and gender parity
- 7.5 Theories of Development
- SPS-7.E Theories of development
- 7.6 Trade and the World Economy
- PSO-7.A Recent economic change and its consequences
- 7.7 Changes as a Result of the World Economy
- 7.8 Sustainable Development
- IMP-7.A Sustainability and industrial development