Specification points
Cambridge Cambridge IGCSE Physical Science 0652
459 points in 2 topics, with Cambridge's codes and titles.
Grade boundaries·Cambridge command words
Codes and titles are read by a script from Cambridge's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: Cambridge’s specification.
C Chemistry
- C1 The particulate nature of matter
- C1.1 The particulate nature of matter
- C1.1.1 Properties of solids, liquids and gases
- C1.1.2 Particle structure of solids, liquids and gases
- C1.1.3 Changes of state and kinetic theory (Supplement)
- C1.1.4 Diffusion
- C1.1.5 Molecular mass and rate of diffusion (Supplement)
- C2 Experimental techniques
- C2.1 Measurement
- C2.1.1 Measuring apparatus
- C2.2 Criteria of purity
- C2.2.1 Interpreting chromatograms
- C2.2.2 Chromatograms and Rf values (Supplement)
- C2.2.3 Mixtures melt and boil over a range
- C2.2.4 Locating agents in chromatography (Supplement)
- C2.2.5 Purity from melting and boiling points (Supplement)
- C2.3 Methods of purification
- C2.3.1 Separation and purification methods
- C2.3.2 Choosing separation techniques
- C3 Atoms, elements and compounds
- C3.1 Physical and chemical changes
- C3.1.1 Physical and chemical changes
- C3.2 Elements, compounds and mixtures
- C3.2.1 Elements, mixtures, compounds, metals and non-metals
- C3.2.2 Solvent, solute, solution and concentration
- C3.3 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
- C3.3.1 Structure of the atom
- C3.3.2 Electron shells and noble gas structures
- C3.3.3 Charges and masses of subatomic particles
- C3.3.4 Proton number
- C3.3.5 Nucleon number
- C3.3.6 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
- C3.3.7 Isotopes
- C3.3.8 Properties of isotopes (Supplement)
- C3.4 Ions and ionic bonds
- C3.4.1 Formation of ions
- C3.4.2 Ionic bonding in Group I and VII compounds
- C3.4.3 Ionic bonding between metals and non-metals (Supplement)
- C3.4.4 Ionic lattice structure (Supplement)
- C3.5 Molecules and covalent bonds
- C3.5.1 Simple covalent molecules
- C3.5.2 Single covalent bonds
- C3.5.3 Bonding in complex covalent molecules (Supplement)
- C3.5.4 Properties of ionic and covalent compounds
- C3.5.5 Melting and boiling points of ionic and covalent compounds (Supplement)
- C3.6 Macromolecules
- C3.6.1 Forms of carbon
- C3.6.2 Diamond and graphite structures
- C3.6.3 Uses of diamond and graphite (Supplement)
- C4 Stoichiometry
- C4.1 Stoichiometry
- C4.1.1 Symbols and formulae
- C4.1.2 Formulae of ionic compounds from charges (Supplement)
- C4.1.3 Formulae from relative numbers of atoms
- C4.1.4 Formulae from models
- C4.1.5 Word equations
- C4.1.6 Balancing symbol equations
- C4.1.7 Symbol and ionic equations (Supplement)
- C4.1.8 Deducing balanced equations (Supplement)
- C4.1.9 Relative atomic mass (Supplement)
- C4.1.10 Relative molecular mass (Supplement)
- C4.1.11 Stoichiometric calculations (Supplement)
- C5 Electricity and chemistry
- C5.1 Electricity and chemistry
- C5.1.1 Electrolysis
- C5.1.2 Electrolysis terminology
- C5.1.3 Ions and electrode reactions (Supplement)
- C5.1.4 Electrolysis of common electrolytes
- C5.1.5 Electrolysis of molten binary compounds (Supplement)
- C6 Energy changes in chemical reactions
- C6.1 Energetics of a reaction
- C6.1.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions
- C6.1.2 Bond breaking and forming (Supplement)
- C6.1.3 Drawing energy level diagrams (Supplement)
- C6.1.4 Interpreting energy level diagrams (Supplement)
- C6.2 Energy transfer
- C6.2.1 Burning fuels
- C6.2.2 Hydrogen as a fuel
- C6.3 Rate (speed) of reaction
- C6.3.1 Measuring rate of gas-producing reactions
- C6.3.2 Interpreting rate data
- C6.3.3 Factors affecting rate
- C6.3.4 Concentration and collision frequency (Supplement)
- C6.3.5 Temperature, collisions and activation energy (Supplement)
- C6.3.6 Explosive combustion of powders and gases
- C6.4 Redox
- C6.4.1 Oxidation and reduction as oxygen transfer
- C6.4.2 Oxidising and reducing agents (Supplement)
- C7 Acids, bases and salts
- C7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases
- C7.1.1 Properties of acids
- C7.1.2 Properties of bases
- C7.1.3 Acids and bases as proton transfer (Supplement)
- C7.1.4 pH and universal indicator
- C7.1.5 Controlling soil acidity
- C7.2 Types of oxides
- C7.2.1 Acidic and basic oxides
- C7.2.2 Neutral and amphoteric oxides (Supplement)
- C7.3 Preparation of salts
- C7.3.1 Preparing salts
- C7.3.2 Choosing a method to make a salt (Supplement)
- C7.4 Identification of ions and gases
- C7.4.1 Tests for ions and gases
- C8 The Periodic Table
- C8.1 The Periodic Table
- C8.1.1 The Periodic Table
- C8.2 Periodic Trends
- C8.2.1 Metallic to non-metallic character across a period
- C8.2.2 Group number, outer electrons and character (Supplement)
- C8.3 Group properties
- C8.3.1 Group I alkali metals
- C8.3.2 Predicting Group I properties (Supplement)
- C8.3.3 Group VII halogens
- C8.3.4 Halogen displacement reactions (Supplement)
- C8.3.5 Predicting Group VII properties (Supplement)
- C8.3.6 Trends in other groups (Supplement)
- C8.4 Transition elements
- C8.4.1 Transition elements
- C8.5 Noble gases
- C8.5.1 Noble gases
- C8.5.2 Uses of noble gases
- C9 Metals
- C9.1 Properties of metals
- C9.1.1 Physical properties of metals
- C9.1.2 Metallic bonding (Supplement)
- C9.1.3 Alloys
- C9.1.4 Why alloys are used
- C9.1.5 Steel alloys (Supplement)
- C9.2 Reactivity series
- C9.2.1 Reactivity series
- C9.2.2 Reactivity and forming positive ions (Supplement)
- C9.2.3 Deducing reactivity from results
- C9.3 Extraction of metals
- C9.3.1 Carbon in metal extraction
- C9.3.2 Aluminium extraction by electrolysis
- C9.3.3 Extracting iron in the blast furnace (Supplement)
- C9.4 Uses of metals
- C9.4.1 Uses of aluminium
- C9.4.2 Unreactivity of aluminium (Supplement)
- C9.4.3 Uses of mild and stainless steel
- C9.4.4 Uses of zinc (Supplement)
- C10 Air and water
- C10.1 Water
- C10.1.1 Chemical tests for water
- C10.1.2 Reversing hydration (Supplement)
- C10.1.3 Water purification
- C10.2 Air
- C10.2.1 Composition of clean air
- C10.2.2 Common air pollutants
- C10.2.3 Sources of air pollutants
- C10.2.4 Reducing sulfur dioxide emissions (Supplement)
- C10.2.5 Catalytic converters (Supplement)
- C10.2.6 Effects of air pollutants
- C10.2.7 Conditions for rusting
- C10.2.8 Barrier methods of rust prevention
- C10.2.9 Sacrificial protection and galvanising (Supplement)
- C10.3 Carbon dioxide and methane
- C10.3.1 Formation of carbon dioxide
- C10.3.2 Greenhouse gases
- C11 Carbonates
- C11.1 Carbonates
- C11.1.1 Lime from limestone and its uses
- C11.1.2 Thermal decomposition of limestone
- C12 Organic chemistry
- C12.1 Names of compounds
- C12.1.1 Methane, ethane, ethene and ethanol structures
- C12.1.2 Identifying compound type from name or structure
- C12.2 Fuels
- C12.2.1 Fossil fuels
- C12.2.2 Methane in natural gas
- C12.2.3 Fractional distillation of petroleum
- C12.2.4 Properties of molecules within a fraction (Supplement)
- C12.2.5 Uses of petroleum fractions
- C12.3 Homologous series
- C12.3.1 Homologous series of alkanes and alkenes (Supplement)
- C12.4 Alkanes
- C12.4.1 Alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons
- C12.4.2 Properties of alkanes
- C12.4.3 Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
- C12.5 Alkenes
- C12.5.1 Alkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C12.5.2 Cracking produces alkenes
- C12.5.3 Cracking and its conditions (Supplement)
- C12.5.4 Recognising saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C12.5.5 Addition reactions of alkenes (Supplement)
- C12.5.6 Addition polymerisation of poly(ethene)
- C12.6 Alcohols
- C12.6.1 Ways of forming ethanol
- C12.6.2 Fermentation and hydration of ethene (Supplement)
- C12.6.3 Combustion of ethanol
- C12.6.4 Uses of ethanol
P Physics
- P1 General physics
- P1.1 Length and time
- P1.1.1 Measuring length and volume
- P1.1.2 Micrometer screw gauge (Supplement)
- P1.1.3 Measuring time intervals
- P1.1.4 Averages from multiple measurements
- P1.2 Motion
- P1.2.1 Speed and average speed
- P1.2.2 Speed versus velocity (Supplement)
- P1.2.3 Acceleration (Supplement)
- P1.2.4 Speed–time and distance–time graphs
- P1.2.5 Acceleration from speed–time gradient (Supplement)
- P1.2.6 Describing motion from speed–time graphs
- P1.2.7 Non-constant acceleration (Supplement)
- P1.2.8 Distance from area under speed–time graph
- P1.2.9 Acceleration from gradient
- P1.2.10 Acceleration of free fall
- P1.2.11 Falling objects and terminal velocity (Supplement)
- P1.3 Mass and weight
- P1.3.1 Mass
- P1.3.2 Mass resisting change in motion (Supplement)
- P1.3.3 Weight as a gravitational force
- P1.3.4 Mass versus weight
- P1.3.5 Comparing weights with a balance
- P1.3.6 Weight as effect of a gravitational field (Supplement)
- P1.3.7 Gravitational field strength
- P1.3.8 Weight equation
- P1.4 Density
- P1.4.1 Density equation
- P1.4.2 Density of liquids and regular solids
- P1.4.3 Density by displacement (Supplement)
- P1.5 Forces
- P1.5.1 Effects of forces
- P1.5.1.1 Effects of forces
- P1.5.1.2 Extension–load graphs (Supplement)
- P1.5.1.3 Hooke's law (Supplement)
- P1.5.1.4 Limit of proportionality (Supplement)
- P1.5.1.5 Force, mass and acceleration (Supplement)
- P1.5.1.6 Friction
- P1.5.1.7 Air resistance as friction
- P1.5.1.8 Resultant of forces along a line
- P1.5.1.9 Zero resultant force and motion
- P1.5.2 Turning effect
- P1.5.2.1 Moment of a force
- P1.5.2.2 Calculating moments
- P1.5.2.3 Principle of moments for a beam (Supplement)
- P1.5.2.4 Equilibrium
- P1.5.3 Centre of mass
- P1.5.3.1 Finding the centre of mass of a lamina
- P1.5.3.2 Centre of mass and stability
- P1.5.4 Pressure
- P1.5.4.1 Pressure, force and area
- P1.5.4.2 Pressure equation (Supplement)
- P1.6 Work, energy and power
- P1.6.1 Work
- P1.6.1.1 Work done, force and distance
- P1.6.1.2 Work done equation (Supplement)
- P1.6.2 Energy
- P1.6.2.1 Work done equals energy transferred
- P1.6.2.2 Kinetic and potential energy
- P1.6.2.3 Examples of energy changes
- P1.6.2.4 Kinetic and gravitational potential energy equations (Supplement)
- P1.6.2.5 Ways energy is transferred
- P1.6.2.6 Conservation of energy
- P1.6.3 Power
- P1.6.3.1 Power, work and time
- P1.6.3.2 Power equation (Supplement)
- P1.6.4 Energy resources
- P1.6.4.1 Renewable and non-renewable energy
- P1.6.4.2 Energy resources and electricity generation
- P1.6.4.3 Pros and cons of energy resources
- P1.6.4.4 Efficiency
- P1.6.4.5 The Sun as main energy source (Supplement)
- P1.6.4.6 The Moon and tidal energy (Supplement)
- P1.6.4.7 Nuclear fusion in the Sun (Supplement)
- P1.6.4.8 Efficiency equations (Supplement)
- P2 Thermal physics
- P2.1 Thermal properties and temperature
- P2.1.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
- P2.1.1.1 Properties of solids, liquids and gases
- P2.1.1.2 Molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases
- P2.1.1.3 Gas pressure and temperature from particle motion
- P2.1.1.4 Thermal expansion
- P2.1.1.5 Applications of thermal expansion
- P2.1.1.6 Relative expansion of solids, liquids and gases
- P2.1.2 Measurement of temperature
- P2.1.2.1 Temperature-dependent properties for measurement
- P2.1.2.2 Sensitivity, range and linearity (Supplement)
- P2.1.2.3 Fixed points
- P2.1.2.4 Liquid-in-glass thermometers
- P2.1.2.5 Measuring temperature in Celsius (Supplement)
- P2.1.2.6 Thermocouples (Supplement)
- P2.1.3 Melting and boiling
- P2.1.3.1 Melting and boiling
- P2.1.3.2 Melting and boiling points of water
- P2.1.3.3 Boiling versus evaporation (Supplement)
- P2.2 Thermal processes
- P2.2.1 Conduction
- P2.2.1.1 Good and bad thermal conductors
- P2.2.1.2 Experiments on thermal conductors
- P2.2.1.3 Conduction in solids (Supplement)
- P2.2.2 Convection
- P2.2.2.1 Convection in fluids
- P2.2.2.2 Convection and density (Supplement)
- P2.2.2.3 Experiments on convection
- P2.2.3 Radiation
- P2.2.3.1 Radiation needs no medium
- P2.2.3.2 Infrared radiation
- P2.2.3.3 Surface colour and texture and radiation (Supplement)
- P2.2.3.4 Experiments on emitters and absorbers (Supplement)
- P2.2.4 Consequences of energy transfer
- P2.2.4.1 Applications of conduction, convection and radiation
- P3 Properties of waves, including light and sound
- P3.1 General wave properties
- P3.1.1 Waves transfer energy, not matter
- P3.1.2 Wave motion
- P3.1.3 Wavefronts
- P3.1.4 Speed, frequency, wavelength and amplitude
- P3.1.5 Transverse and longitudinal waves (Supplement)
- P3.1.6 Reflection and refraction of waves
- P3.1.7 Water wave demonstrations of reflection and refraction
- P3.1.8 Wave speed equation (Supplement)
- P3.1.9 Cause of refraction (Supplement)
- P3.1.10 Diffraction through a narrow gap (Supplement)
- P3.1.11 Water wave demonstration of diffraction (Supplement)
- P3.2 Light
- P3.2.1 Reflection of light
- P3.2.1.1 Images in a plane mirror
- P3.2.1.2 Law of reflection
- P3.2.1.3 Critical angle
- P3.2.1.4 Total internal reflection
- P3.2.1.5 Constructions for plane mirrors
- P3.2.1.6 Virtual image in a plane mirror (Supplement)
- P3.2.1.7 Optical fibres (Supplement)
- P3.2.2 Refraction of light
- P3.2.2.1 Demonstrating refraction of light
- P3.2.2.2 Refractive index and speed (Supplement)
- P3.2.2.3 Light through parallel-sided blocks
- P3.2.2.4 Snell's law (Supplement)
- P3.2.3 Thin converging lens
- P3.2.3.1 Converging lens
- P3.2.3.2 Principal focus and focal length
- P3.2.3.3 Ray diagrams for real images
- P3.2.3.4 Real and virtual images (Supplement)
- P3.2.3.5 Ray diagrams for virtual images (Supplement)
- P3.2.3.6 Describing images
- P3.2.3.7 Magnifying glass (Supplement)
- P3.2.4 Electromagnetic spectrum
- P3.2.4.1 Electromagnetic spectrum
- P3.2.4.2 Speed of electromagnetic waves
- P3.2.4.3 Speed of light value (Supplement)
- P3.2.4.4 Properties and uses of electromagnetic waves
- P3.3 Sound
- P3.3.1 Vibrations and sound waves
- P3.3.2 Sound as a longitudinal wave (Supplement)
- P3.3.3 Sound transmission in air (Supplement)
- P3.3.4 Range of human hearing
- P3.3.5 Sound needs a medium
- P4 Electricity and magnetism
- P4.1 Simple phenomena of magnetism
- P4.1.1 Forces between magnets
- P4.1.2 Induced magnetism (Supplement)
- P4.1.3 Magnetic and non-magnetic materials
- P4.1.4 Field lines of a bar magnet
- P4.1.5 Soft iron versus steel
- P4.1.6 Magnetic field of a current
- P4.1.7 Permanent magnets and electromagnets
- P4.1.8 Methods of magnetisation
- P4.1.9 Methods of demagnetisation (Supplement)
- P4.2 Electrical quantities
- P4.2.1 Electric charge
- P4.2.1.1 Positive and negative charges
- P4.2.1.2 Attraction and repulsion of charges
- P4.2.1.3 Experiments on electrostatic charge
- P4.2.1.4 Charging by electron transfer
- P4.2.1.5 Electric fields (Supplement)
- P4.2.1.6 Conductors and insulators
- P4.2.2 Current
- P4.2.2.1 Current as flow of charge
- P4.2.2.2 Current, charge and time (Supplement)
- P4.2.2.3 Electron flow and conventional current (Supplement)
- P4.2.2.4 Using ammeters
- P4.2.2.5 Current in metals
- P4.2.3 Electromotive force (e.m.f.) and potential difference (p.d.)
- P4.2.3.1 Potential difference in volts
- P4.2.3.2 Electromotive force (Supplement)
- P4.2.3.3 Using voltmeters
- P4.2.3.4 E.m.f. in volts
- P4.2.3.5 Volt as joule per coulomb (Supplement)
- P4.2.4 Resistance
- P4.2.4.1 Resistance, p.d. and current
- P4.2.4.2 Resistance equation
- P4.2.4.3 Measuring resistance
- P4.2.4.4 Resistance, length and diameter
- P4.2.4.5 Current, p.d., e.m.f. and resistance
- P4.2.4.6 Resistance proportional to length, inverse to area (Supplement)
- P4.3 Electric circuits
- P4.3.1 Circuit diagrams
- P4.3.1.1 Circuit diagrams
- P4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits
- P4.3.2.1 Current in series circuits
- P4.3.2.2 Resistors in series
- P4.3.2.3 P.d. in series circuits (Supplement)
- P4.3.2.4 Current in parallel circuits
- P4.3.2.5 Current in parallel circuits (Supplement)
- P4.3.2.6 Resistors in parallel
- P4.3.2.7 Combined resistance of parallel resistors (Supplement)
- P4.3.2.8 Advantages of parallel circuits
- P4.3.2.9 Thermistors and LDRs in circuit diagrams (Supplement)
- P4.3.2.10 Thermistors and LDRs as input transducers (Supplement)
- P4.4 Electrical energy
- P4.4.1 Electrical power and energy equations (Supplement)
- P4.5 Dangers of electricity
- P4.5.1 Electrical hazards
- P4.5.2 Fuses protect circuits
- P4.5.3 Fuses and circuit breakers
- P4.5.4 Earthing metal cases
- P4.6 Electromagnetic effects
- P4.6.1 Electromagnetic induction
- P4.6.1.1 Electromagnetic induction (Supplement)
- P4.6.1.2 Demonstrating electromagnetic induction (Supplement)
- P4.6.1.3 Factors affecting induced e.m.f. (Supplement)
- P4.6.1.4 Direction of induced e.m.f. (Supplement)
- P4.6.2 a.c. generator
- P4.6.2.1 Direct and alternating current (Supplement)
- P4.6.2.2 Rotating-coil generator (Supplement)
- P4.6.2.3 Generator output graph (Supplement)
- P4.6.3 Transformers
- P4.6.3.1 Construction of a transformer (Supplement)
- P4.6.3.2 How a transformer works (Supplement)
- P4.6.3.3 Step-up and step-down (Supplement)
- P4.6.3.4 Transformer turns ratio (Supplement)
- P4.6.3.5 Ideal transformer power equation (Supplement)
- P4.6.3.6 Transformers in power transmission (Supplement)
- P4.6.3.7 Power losses at high voltage (Supplement)
- P4.6.4 Force on a current-carrying conductor
- P4.6.4.1 Force on a current-carrying conductor
- P4.6.5 d.c. motor
- P4.6.5.1 Turning effect on a coil
- P4.6.5.2 Electric motors (Supplement)
- P5 Atomic physics
- P5.1 The nuclear atom
- P5.1.1 Composition of the nucleus
- P5.1.2 Proton number and nucleon number
- P5.1.3 Nuclides and nuclide notation
- P5.1.4 Isotopes
- P5.2 Radioactivity
- P5.2.1 Detection of radioactivity
- P5.2.1.1 Background radiation
- P5.2.1.2 Detecting radiation
- P5.2.2 Characteristics of the three kinds of emission
- P5.2.2.1 Random nature of emission
- P5.2.2.2 Alpha, beta and gamma emissions
- P5.2.2.3 Deflection of radiation in fields (Supplement)
- P5.2.2.4 Applications of radiation (Supplement)
- P5.2.3 Radioactive decay
- P5.2.3.1 Radioactive decay
- P5.2.3.2 Word equations for decay
- P5.2.3.3 Nuclide equations for decay (Supplement)
- P5.2.4 Half-life
- P5.2.4.1 Half-life
- P5.2.4.2 Half-life calculations
- P5.2.4.3 Half-life from uncorrected data (Supplement)
- P5.2.5 Safety precautions
- P5.2.5.1 Effects of ionising radiation
- P5.2.5.2 Safe handling of radioactive materials