Specification points
Cambridge Cambridge International AS Level Sport & Physical Education 8386
167 points in 12 topics, with Cambridge's codes and titles.
Grade boundaries·Cambridge command words
Codes and titles are read by a script from Cambridge's published specification and have not been checked by a person. What each point covers is in the specification itself: Cambridge’s specification.
1 Joints, movements and muscles
- 1.1 Joints and movements
- 1.1.1 Synovial joints and articulating bones
- 1.1.2 Stability and range of movement of joints
- 1.1.3 Movements at joints and agonist muscles
- 1.2 Functions of muscles
- 1.2.1 Agonists, antagonists and fixators
- 1.3 Types of muscle contraction
- 1.3.1 Types of muscle contraction
- 1.4 Muscle fibre types
- 1.4.1 Muscle fibre types
- 1.4.2 Uses of muscle fibre types
- 1.5 Movement analysis of actions
- 1.5.1 Movement analysis
2 Biomechanics
- 2.1 Linear motion
- 2.1.1 Linear motion
- 2.1.2 Distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration and momentum
- 2.1.3 Scalar and vector quantities
- 2.1.4 Graphs of linear motion
- 2.2 Newton’s laws of motion
- 2.2.1 Force, mass, weight, inertia and acceleration
- 2.2.2 Forces in physical activity
- 2.2.3 Newton's laws of motion
- 2.3 Angular motion
- 2.3.1 Angular motion
- 2.3.2 Angular momentum, moment of inertia and angular velocity
- 2.3.3 Angular momentum equation
- 2.3.4 Relationship between angular quantities
- 2.3.5 Factors affecting moment of inertia
- 2.3.6 Conservation of angular momentum
- 2.3.7 Graphs of angular motion
- 2.4 Parabolic and non-parabolic flight
- 2.4.1 Sketching vector components of flight
- 2.4.2 Vector components of flight
- 2.4.3 Factors affecting flight paths
- 2.4.4 Factors affecting horizontal displacement
- 2.5 Properties of bodies and objects
- 2.5.1 Centre of mass
- 2.5.2 Factors affecting stability
3 The cardiovascular system
- 3.1 Structure and function of the heart
- 3.1.1 Structure of the heart and blood flow
- 3.2 The conduction system of the heart and the cardiac cycle
- 3.2.1 Conduction system of the heart
- 3.2.2 The cardiac cycle
- 3.2.3 Conduction system and cardiac cycle
- 3.3 Factors affecting cardiac output
- 3.3.1 Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output
- 3.3.2 Relationship between cardiac quantities
- 3.3.3 Cardiac output equation
- 3.3.4 Typical cardiac values at rest and exercise
- 3.3.5 Starling's law
- 3.3.6 Regulation of heart rate
- 3.3.7 Cardiac responses to exercise
- 3.3.8 Graphs of cardiac responses
- 3.3.9 Cardiac adaptations to training
- 3.4 Function of the vascular system
- 3.4.1 Venous return mechanisms
- 3.4.2 Distribution of cardiac output
4 The respiratory system
- 4.1 Mechanics and regulation of breathing
- 4.1.1 Mechanics of breathing
- 4.1.2 Typical breathing values at rest and exercise
- 4.1.3 Lung volumes and capacities
- 4.1.4 Calculating lung volumes
- 4.1.5 Regulation of breathing
- 4.1.6 Respiratory responses to exercise
- 4.1.7 Graphs of respiratory responses
- 4.1.8 Respiratory adaptations to training
- 4.2 Gaseous exchange and respiration
- 4.2.1 Gaseous exchange at lungs and muscles
5 Skill and ability
6 Theories of learning
- 6.1 Motor programmes
- 6.1.1 Motor programmes
- 6.1.2 Creating, storing and initiating motor programmes
- 6.1.3 Motor programmes and subroutines
- 6.2 Theories related to the learning of motor skills
- 6.2.1 Theories of learning
- 6.2.2 Evaluating theories of learning
- 6.2.3 Operant conditioning
- 6.2.4 Strengthening the stimulus–response bond
- 6.2.5 Cognitive theory
- 6.2.6 Observational learning theory
- 6.3 Schmidt’s schema theory
- 6.3.1 Schema theory
- 6.3.2 Recall and recognition schema
- 6.3.3 Rules of schema
- 6.3.4 Schema theory in skill development
7 Information processing
- 7.1 Theory of information processing and performance of motor skills
- 7.1.1 Information processing
- 7.2 Feedback
- 7.2.1 Functions of feedback
- 7.2.2 Types of feedback
- 7.3 Memory
- 7.3.1 The memory process
- 7.3.2 Improving long-term memory storage
- 7.4 Response time
- 7.4.1 Response, reaction and movement time
- 7.4.2 Relationship between response components
- 7.4.3 Response time equation
- 7.4.4 Factors affecting reaction time
- 7.4.5 Strategies to deceive opponents
- 7.4.6 Benefits of short response time
- 7.4.7 Improving response time
8 Practice and learning
- 8.1 Types of practice
- 8.1.1 Types of practice
- 8.1.2 Evaluating types of practice
- 8.2 Types of guidance
- 8.2.1 Types of guidance
- 8.2.2 Evaluating types of guidance
- 8.3 Stages of learning
- 8.3.1 Stages of learning
- 8.3.2 Feedback, practice and guidance across stages
- 8.4 Transfer of learning
- 8.4.1 Transfer of learning
- 8.4.2 Types of transfer
- 8.4.3 Optimising positive transfer
- 8.4.4 Limiting negative transfer
- 8.5 Motivation
- 8.5.1 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
- 8.5.2 Evaluating types of motivation
9 Sociocultural issues
- 9.1 The conceptual basis of sport and physical education
- 9.1.1 Sport and physical education
- 9.2 Sport
- 9.2.1 Characteristics of sport
- 9.2.2 Values of sport
- 9.2.3 Undesirable outcomes of sport
- 9.3 Physical education
- 9.3.1 Characteristics of physical education
- 9.4 Regular participation
- 9.4.1 Factors affecting participation
- 9.4.2 Benefits of regular participation
- 9.5 Achieving excellence
- 9.5.1 Elite performers
- 9.5.2 Elitist policy for excellence
- 9.5.3 Provision for excellence
- 9.5.4 Pathways to excellence
10 Ethics and deviance
- 10.1 Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs)
- 10.1.1 Reasons for using performance-enhancing drugs
- 10.1.2 Consequences of using PEDs
- 10.1.3 Reducing PED use
- 10.2 Violence
- 10.2.1 Causes of violence in sport
- 10.2.2 Consequences of violence in sport
- 10.2.3 Preventing violence in sport
- 10.3 Competition manipulation
- 10.3.1 Competition manipulation
- 10.3.2 Forms of competition manipulation
- 10.3.3 Reducing competition manipulation